# parallel series circuit

Understanding Electrical Grounding in Household Wiring. Considering the circuit above, the equivalent resistance offered by the circuit shall be equal to the sum of reciprocals of R1, R2, and R3.

Thus, the circuit the voltage source "feels" (through the current drawn from it) is a single resistor having resistance R1+R2. The two ways to connect components in a circuit are in series and in parallel.

A brief look at series and parallel circuits. Therefore, $i_{1}=i_{2}+i_{L}\\ i_{1}=v_{out}\left ( \frac{1}{R_{2}}+\frac{1}{R_{L}} \right )$, Let Req denote the equivalent resistance of the parallel combination of R2 and RL. Similar to voltage divider in fig. The current flowing through these circuits remains same at any point but the voltage varies. In electrical and electronics engineering it is very important to know the differences between series and parallel circuits. Adopted or used LibreTexts for your course? For most applications, we can represent these measurement devices as a resistor, with the current passing through it driving the measurement device through some type of display. What is the advantage of parallel circuit over series circuit? In cascading circuits, this ideal is rarely true unless the circuits are so designed. Thus, you will find that oscilloscopes and voltmeters have their internal resistances clearly stated, enabling you to determine whether the voltage you measure closely equals what was present before they were attached to your circuit. However, many modern holiday light strings now connect via a parallel circuit so that a string can remain functional even when one of the bulbs is defective. This result typifies parallel connections. Another item that uses series wiring is a power strip. You can easily show that the parallel combination of R1 and R2 has the v-i relation of a resistor having resistance : $\left ( \frac{1}{R_{1}}+\frac{1}{R_{2}} \right )^{-1}=\frac{R_{1}R_{2}}{R_{1}+R_{2}}$, A shorthand notation for this quantity is. Electrical engineers deal with this situation through the notion of specifications: Under what conditions will the circuit perform as designed? Electrical current is essentially the movement of electrons through the circuit from the source (through hot wires) and back to the source (through neutral wires). In this way, we express how the components used to build the system affect the input-output relationship. We have R 2 in parallel with R 3; this combination is in series with R 4. The rate of flow of current depends on the equivalent resistance of the circuit. Note that in determining this structure, we started away from the terminals, and worked toward them. When lights or other devices are tapped into this circuit loop, the moving current can power those devices. or if the source's frequency becomes too high. The results shown in other modules (circuit elements, KVL and KCL, interconnection laws) with regard to the above circuit and the values of other currents and voltages in this circuit as well, have profound implications. 4 Reasons Why Circuit Breakers Trip and Fuses Blow, 6 Common Wire Connection Problems and Their Solutions. A GFCI receptacle has screw terminals labeled "line," as well as screw terminals labeled "load." One household example where series wiring is useful in when a single GFCI (ground-fault circuit interrupter) receptacle is used to protect other standard receptacles located "downstream" of the GFCI.